Uso de inhibidores de la aromatasa en el tratamiento del dolor pélvico asociado a endometriosis: revisión sistemática

ObjectiveTo know the effect of the use of aromatase inhibitors (AI) in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain (EAPP).Material and methodsSystematic review of the literature.Results173 articles were identified of which 25 were valid for the review, of which 4 were randomized clinical trials, 3 were non-randomized clinical trials, 10 were prospective non-comparative studies and 8 were clinical case reports. In most of the studies and/or case reports (24 of 27) the use of AI was associated with an improvement in EAPP. Important biases were identified that may influence the efficacy analysis, primarily the combined use of AI with other drugs widely used in the treatment of endometriosis.ConclusionsDespite the existence of numerous articles presenting and/or analysing the effect of AIs in the control of EEAP, the biases in the interpretation of their results, together with the side effect profile of this group of drugs, mean that their use has not become widespread, and they continue to be considered an experimental treatment for endometriosis. To date, there is insufficient evidence of sufficient quality to recommend the use of AI in the treatment of EEAP in routine clinical practice.     

Tumor-induced erythroid precursor-differentiated myeloid cells mediate immunosuppression and curtail anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment efficacy

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Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Immunohistochemistry: A Concordance Study Between Surgical Specimen,Biopsy, and Tissue Microarray

BackgroundThe immunohistochemical analysis of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissue of non–small-cell lung cancer patients has now been integrated in the diagnostic workup. Analysis is commonly done on small tissue biopsy samples representing a minimal fraction of the whole tumor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation of PD-L1 expression on biopsy specimens with corresponding resection specimens.Materials and MethodsIn total, 58 consecutive cases with preoperative biopsy and resected tumor specimens were selected. From each resection specimen 2 tumor cores were compiled into a tissue microarray (TMA). Immunohistochemical staining with the antibody SP263 was performed on biopsy specimens, resection specimens (whole sections), as well as on the TMA.ResultsThe proportion of PD–L1-positive stainings were comparable between the resection specimens (48% and 19%), the biopsies (43% and 17%), and the TMAs (47% and 14%), using cutoffs of 1% and 50%, respectively (P > .39 all comparisons). When the resection specimens were considered as reference, PD-L1 status differed in 16%/5% for biopsies and in 9%/9% for TMAs (1%/50% cutoff). The sensitivity of the biopsy analysis was 79%/82% and the specificity was 90%/98% at the 1%/50% cutoff. The Cohens κ value for the agreement between biopsy and tumor. was 0.70 at the 1% cutoff and 0.83 at the 50% cutoff.ConclusionThe results indicate a moderate concordance between the analysis of biopsy and whole tumor tissue, resulting in misclassification of samples in particular when the lower 1% cutoff was used. Clinicians should be aware of this uncertainty when interpreting PD-L1 reports for treatment decisions.     

Statin use and medically attended acute respiratory illness among influenza vaccine recipients

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that statins decrease influenza vaccine effectiveness and increase risk of medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI).ObjectivesTo examine the association of incident statin use and MAARI in a cohort of influenza vaccine recipients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated influenza vaccine recipients within the Tricare population. The primary outcome compared MAARI incidence during the follow-up period in a propensity score-matched cohort of incident statin users and statin non-users. Secondary analysis included propensity score-adjusted comparisons between incident statin users and statin non-users in the entire cohort and prespecified sub-cohorts with and without comorbidities. The propensity score was derived from 72 variables encompassing demographics, medical history, comorbidities, medication use, and healthcare utilization.ResultsMAARI incidence in statin users was similar to non-users in the propensity score-matched cohort (odds ratio [OR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–1.01). In contrast, statin users with lower comorbidity had lower OR for MAARI compared to non-users (Charlson Score zero cohort: 0.85 [CI 0.74–0.98]; No Diabetes cohort: 0.88 [CI 0.80–0.96]).ConclusionIncident statin use was not associated with increased MAARI incidence and may be associated with lower incidence of MAARI in those with less comorbidity. This study thus offers reassurance regarding the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in statin users.